According to Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, the word "plagiarize" can mean using someone else's ideas, work or words as your own, or using those ideas, work or words without crediting the source. You can avoid both of these actions by rewarding the appropriate person. There are three citation styles, APA, MLA, and CMS.
Step
Method 1 of 2: Quoting Quotes in APA Style
Step 1. Use in-text citations
Give parentheses with appropriate citations in them after the quoted material. The APA style uses author-date messages. This means that if you write the name of the author you are using, you must include the year of publication after it in parentheses.
Example: Smith (2013) states that citing quotes is challenging
Step 2. Cite a publication with a single author
Publications include books, newspapers, journal articles, magazines, etc. The author's last name, year of publication, and page number (abbreviated as 'p.') must appear in parentheses after the citation. If you mention the author's name in your sentence, the name must be followed by the year of publication in parentheses and the citation must be followed by the page number. Follow the same procedure if the book has more than 1 author.
- In his book, he states, “students tend to have problems citing quotations,” (Smith, 2002, p. 32) but gives no explanation as to why this is the case.
- Smith (2002) stated, “students tend to have problems citing quotes,” (p.32) but did not explain why this was the case.
Step 3. Cite books with multiple authors
This must include the author's last name, year of publication, and page number.
Examples from multiple authors: In his book, the author states that “quoting quotes is annoying” (Hu, Koller, and Shier, 2013, p. 75). (Or: Hu, Koller and Shier (2013) state that “citing annoying quotes” (p.75))
Step 4. Cite a publication without knowing the author's name
Instead of using the author's name for in-text citations, use the title of the publication followed by the date.
In one study, it was determined that “the sky is in fact blue” (“Obvious Observations,” 2013)
Step 5. Citing a web page
If possible, cite web pages like any other document, using the author-date style. If no author name or date is available, use the abbreviated version of the web page title in parentheses, followed by n.d (which stands for “no date”). If the web page does not have a page number, indicate which paragraph you are quoting by writing 'para.' (which stands for paragraph) followed by the paragraph number.
Example: Other research shows that “clouds are white” (“More Obvious Observations,” n.d., para. 7)
Step 6. Citing personal communications or interviews
Personal communications such as emails and interviews are not considered retrievable data, so they do not need to be recorded on the reference list at the end of the job. Include all quotations in parentheses, placing them as close as possible to the quotation: name of your source, form of communication, date of communication.
In the message, it is specified that “the sky is in fact blue” (John Smith, email, August 23, 2013)
Step 7. Create a reference list
This is where you list all your sources that you have cited in your article. List your references in alphabetical order. Remember to always enter 1½ inches from the left of the entire row after the first row.
- For books with 1 or more authors: Last name, first initial (year in parentheses). Book title. Location: Publisher. (Example of one author: Sinclair, UB (1906). The Jungle. New York, NY: Doubleday, Pages & Company. Example of multiple authors: Hu, CA, Koller, KO, and Shier, MD (2013). The Book about Stuff. San Francisco, CA: Some Publisher.)
- For a book without an author: Book Title. (Years). Location: Publisher. (Example: A Book without an Author. (2013). San Francisco, CA: Some Publisher.)
- For web pages: Last name, A. A. (Publication date). Document title. Taken from a web page. If there is no date, use n.d. If there is no author, start with the document title and (date). (Example: “The Sky is Blue.” (2013). Taken from www.blahobservationsblah.com.
Method 2 of 2: Quoting Quotes in MLA Style
Step 1. Place parentheses, in the in-text citation as soon as possible after you quote
How you make in-text citations depends on what sources you take.
Step 2. Create in-text citations for publications with known authors (books, magazines, journal articles, newspapers)
Provide a word or phrase (author's name) and page number. If you're stating a word or phrase in a sentence, you don't need to add it to the in-text citation.
- People who worked in meat factories in Chicago at the turn of the century “were bound to the wrapping machine, and bound to it for life” (Sinclair, 99).
- Upton Sinclair states that people who work in meat factories in Chicago are “bound to the wrapping machine, and bound to it for life” (99).
Step 3. Make in-text citations by multiple authors
If there are three or less authors, list all authors' last names in alphabetical order in parentheses followed by page numbers. If there are more than three authors, list the last name of the first author in alphabetical order, followed by et. al and page numbers.
- Three or fewer authors: The author states, “quoting is annoying” (Hu, Koller, and Shier 45).
- More than three authors: The author states, “citing different sources is confusing” (Perhamus et al. 63).
Step 4. Make an in-text citation about the work of the unknown author
Use the abbreviated job title to replace the author's name.
If you quote from How to Cite like a Champion and be Better than Other Writers, your in-text citation will be: citing annoying because it is “time consuming” (Cite like a Champion 72)
Step 5. Create an in-text citation for a web page
List the author of the web page, the name of the website, or the name of the article in parentheses. You don't need to put page numbers.
If you look at a website called Obvious Observations: The sky is blue but the “clouds are white” (Obvious Observations)
Step 6. Create an in-text citation for an interview or personal communication
List the first thing that appears from the list of sources on the Works Cited page-usually the last name of the source.
If you receive an email from someone named John Smith: an email message confirms that “the sky is really blue” (Smith)
Step 7. Create a Works City page
This is the place where you list the entire bibliography for each source you cite in your article. You must list your sources in alphabetical order.
- To cite a book with 1 author: Last name, First name. Book title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Publication Media. (Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. New York: Doubleday, Page & Company, 1906. Print.
- To cite a book with multiple authors: Last name, First name of the first alphabetical author, then first name, last name of remaining authors. Book title. City of Publication: Author, Year of Publication. Publication Media. (Hu, Carol, Kat Koller, and Marie Shier. The Book About Stuff. San Francisco: Some Publisher, 2013. Print.
- To cite a book with an unknown author: Title of Publication. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Publication Media. (A Book without an Author. San Francisco: Some Publisher, 2013. Print.
- To cite a web page: “Article Name.” Website Name. Name of institution/organization associated with page (sponsor or publisher), date of source procurement (if available-if not, put n.d.). Publication media. Access date. (For example, “Blah Citing Quotes Blah.” Citings R' Us. Writing Corporation, n.d. Web. 23 August 2013.)
- To quote a personal interview: Last name, first name of the interviewee. Personal interview. Date. (Upadhye, Neeti. Personal interview. 23 August 2013.)
- To cite published interviews: Last name, first name of source. Interview with the name of the resource person. Publication or program (year): page number if applicable. Publication media. (Doe, John. Interview with Jane Doe. Good Morning Moon (2013). Radio.)
- To quote a private message: Last name, first name of the sender. "Message Title." Media. Date. (Perhamus, Cody. “Regarding your questions about the sky.” Email to author. 23 Aug 2013.)
Quote Quotes with CMS
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Use a CMS if you like to create footnotes or endnotes to cite in-text. CMS is good for writing about research and essays with lots of sources and citations.
Apply for an Entrepreneurial Grant Step 3 -
Decide whether to use footnotes or endnotes. After each in-text citation, you must add a small reference number above. (it would look like this.^1) Each superscript number corresponds to a footnote or endnote. Footnotes can be found at the bottom of each page and include the entire bibliography for the work you cited. Endnotes appear at the end of your writing, similar to how Works Cited pages look, but endnotes are formatted differently. (The differences will be explained in the following steps.)
Get a Job Fast Step 1 -
Make in-text citations. No matter how long the citation is, put a small number after each citation. This number will correspond to the footnote that appears at the bottom of the page.
Get Into Stanford Step 13 -
- The man who worked in a meat factory in Chicago at the turn of the century “was bound to the wrapping machine, and to it for life.”^1
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Make footnotes or endnotes. Both are formatted the same way. If you prefer to use footnotes, place them below the page that has superscript. Just put a footnote on the page where the link superscript is. You should have footnotes for each superscript you use. If you choose to use endnotes, place them on a separate page under the heading 'Notes' at the back of your essay. You should have an endnote for each superscript you use.
Cite the Quran Step 8 -
Make footnotes/endnotes to excerpts from books. You must register: the author's first and last name, Book Title (Place of publication: Publisher: Year of publication), page number.
Write a Letter for Proof of Income Step 8 - Example of an in-text quote: The man who worked in a meat factory in Chicago at the turn of the century “was bound to the wrapping machine, and to it for life.”^1
- Examples of footnotes or endnotes: Upton Sinclair, The Jungle (Doubleday, Page & Company: 1906), 99.
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Create footnotes/endnotes for web pages from the internet. You must register: First name Last name, “WebPage Title,” Publishing Organization or Website Name in italics, publication date and/or access date if available. If the web page does not have an author name, list: “WebPage Title,” Publishing Organization or Website Name in italics, publication date and/or access date if available, URL.
Write a Grant Proposal Step 16 - Example for a web page with author name: John Doe, “Citing Sources,” Organization of Writing Fanatics, last modified August 23, 2013, www.blahcitingblahblah.com (Note-this is an artificial source.)
- Example for a web page without an author name: “Citing Sources,” Organization of Writing Fanatics, last modified August 23, 2013, www.blahcitingblahblah.com (Note-this is an artificial source.)
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Create footnotes/endnotes for interviews or personal communications. For unpublished interviews, list: Name of resource person, (job) in discussion with resource person, date. For published interviews, list: Name of resource person, interviewed by Name of interviewer, Company or Organization, date. For private communication, register: Name, communication type, date.
Write a Grant Proposal Step 7 - Unpublished interview: John Doe, (musician) in discussion with author, August 23, 2013.
- Published interview: John Doe, interviewed by Jane Doe, Music Lover, August 23, 2013.
- Personal communication: John Doe, email to author, August 23, 2013.
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Create a Works Cited or Bibliography. This is an option-refer to specific instructions for whether you need a works cited or a bibliography. Title the page 'Works Cited' if you only list sources that you cite in your writing. Title the page 'Bibliography' if you list any work you used in your research that you did not cite, along with the work you did cite in your article. List all works in alphabetical order. To register material, follow the specific format for each type of source you use (listed as follows):
Accept Mistakes and Learn from Them Step 6 - For books with one author: Last name, First name. Book title. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
- For books with 2 authors: Last name, First name and Last name, First name. Book title. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
- Source with unknown author: Book Title. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication.
- Web page with author: Last name, First name. “Webpage Title.” Publishing Organization or Website Name is italicized. Date of publication and/or date of access if available. URLs.
- Web page without an author: “WebPage Title.” Publishing Organization or Website Name is italicized. Date of publication and/or date of access if available. URLs.
- Interview published: Last name, First name of interviewee, place where interview was conducted, by first name and last name of interviewer, date.
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/05/
- https://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/cite-book-no-author.aspx
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/10/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/06/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/08/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/09/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/09/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/05/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/07/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/03/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/05/
- https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/05/
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https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/07/
