Articles in scientific journals and magazines, both print and online publications, are often used as source texts for research articles. Include in-text citations whenever you paraphrase or quote information from articles, and include full citation entries in the reference segment or bibliography at the end of the article. The basic information included in the citation is the same, but the format is different, depending on the style of citation used, such as the Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychological Association (APA), or Chicago.
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Method 1 of 3: Using the MLA Citation Style
Step 1. Begin the reference entry with the author's name
List the author's last name first, followed by a comma and one space. Enter the author's first and middle name if available. After that, insert a period at the end of the name.
- For example: Buchman, Dana.
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If there are two authors, separate each name with a comma and insert the word “and” or “and” before the last author's name. Change the order of the first author's name only. For example: Martin, Johnathan A., and Christopher Jackson.
Examples in Indonesian: Martin, Johnathan A., and Christopher Jackson
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For articles written by three or more authors, include the name of the first author. After that, insert a comma and the abbreviation " et. al. " or "etc". For example: Fontela, Pablo, et. al.
Examples in Indonesian: Fontela, Pablo, et al
Step 2. Enter the title of the article and enclose it in quotation marks
Type in the title of the article and capitalize the first letter of the first word and all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs, as well as words that have more than four letters (for English). This writing format is known as the title case. Place a period at the end of the title, before the closing quotes.
- For example: Buchman, Dana. "A Special Education."
- If the article has a subtitle, type a colon and a space after the main title, then enter the subtitle in the same writing format. Place a period at the end of the subtitle, before the closing quotation mark.
Step 3. Include the title of the magazine or journal and the date of publication
Type the title in italics, followed by a comma and a space. After that, enter the date of publication in date-month-year format and shorten all month names that have more than 4 letters into their first 3 letters. Place a comma after the date.
- For example: Buchman, Dana. "A Special Education." Good Housekeeping, Mar. 2006,
- For scientific journals, include the volume and output number after the publication title. Separate the two pieces of information with a comma. For example: Bagchi, Alaknanda. "Conflicting Nationalisms": The Voice of the Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi's Bashai Tudu." Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature, vol. 15, no. 1, 1996,
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If the article is published in a smaller local or regional publication, include the name of the location (in square brackets) after the title of the publication. For example: Trembacki, Paul. "Brees Hopes to Win Heisman for Team." Purdue Exponent [West Lafayette, IN], 5 Dec. 2000,
Examples in Indonesian: Trembacki, Paul. "Brees Hopes to Win Heisman for Team." Purdue Exponent [West Lafayette, IN], 5 Dec. 2000,
Step 4. List the media that contains the article
For printed articles, include the page number (or page range) that contains the article. For online articles, enter the URL or DOI number. If you're using a URL, don't include the "http:" part of the address. Place a period at the end of the quote.
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Examples of print articles: Buchman, Dana. "A Special Education." Good Housekeeping, Mar. 2006, pp. 143-148.
Examples in Indonesian: Buchman, Dana. "A Special Education." Good Housekeeping, Mar. 2006, p. 143-148
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Examples of online articles: Trembacki, Paul. "Brees Hopes to Win Heisman for Team." Purdue Exponent [West Lafayette, IN], 5 Dec. 2000, www.purdueexponent.org/sports/article_b6f722b8-9595-58b8-849b-5a8447bbf793.html.
Examples in Indonesian: Trembacki, Paul. "Brees Hopes to Win Heisman for Team." Purdue Exponent [West Lafayette, IN], 5 Dec. 2000, www.purdueexponent.org/sports/article_b6f722b8-9595-58b8-849b-5a8447bbf793.html
Reference Entry Format in MLA Style
Last Name, First Name. "Article Title in Title Case Format." Title of Publication, Date Month Year, pp. ##-##. URL or DOI.
Format in Indonesian
Last Name, First Name. "Article Title in Title Case Format." Title of Publication, Date Month Year, p. ##-##. URL or DOI.
Step 5. Use the author's last name and page number for in-text citations
When you are paraphrasing or quoting information from an article in writing, place the in-text citation at the end of the sentence, before the closing punctuation mark. Include the author's last name if the name is not mentioned directly in the sentence or writing.
- For example, you might write: "For a woman who has experienced obstacles on her path to success, having a daughter with learning difficulties presents her with challenges and opportunities to develop as an individual (Buchman 147)."
- If the source text does not have a page, simply include the author's name. If you've already mentioned the author's name in a sentence or text, and the source text doesn't have pages, you don't need to include a citation in the text.
Method 2 of 3: Using ANY Citation Style
Step 1. Include the author's name and date of publication
Type the author's last name first, then insert a comma. Enter the initials of his first name after it. Add middle initials if available. Insert a space after the period, then type the date of publication (in parentheses). List the year of publication first, insert a comma, then add the month and date if available. Place a period after the closing parenthesis.
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For example: Will, G. F. (2004, July 5).
Example in Indonesian: Will, G. F. (2004, July 5)
- If the article is written by multiple authors, separate each name with a comma. Use the and (“&”) symbol before the last author's name.
Step 2. Include the title of the article
Type in a title and capitalize the first letter of the first word and name only. This writing format is known as the sentence case. If the article has a subtitle, place a colon after the main title and type the subtitle in the same format. Insert a period at the end of the title.
- For example: Will, G. F. (2004, July 5). Waging war on Wal-Mart.
- Example in Indonesian: Will, G. F. (2004, July 5). Waging war on Wal-Mart.
Step 3. Enter the title of the publication
Type the title of the publication in italic text. If the publication has a volume number, insert a comma after the title and add the volume number (in italics). Insert a comma after the volume number and include the output number. Add a comma for print publications or a period for online (digital) publications.
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Example of a print publication: Will, G. F. (2004, July 5). Waging war on Wal-Mart. Newsweek, 144,
Example in Indonesian: Will, G. F. (2004, July 5). Waging war on Wal-Mart. Newsweek, 144,
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For sources available on the internet only, include the domain extension (eg ".com" or ".org) in the title of the publication. If the source is also available in print, you can remove the domain from the title of the publication. For example: Romm, J. (2008, February 27). The cold truth about climate change. Salon.com.
Example in Indonesian: Romm, J. (2008, February 27). The cold truth about climate change. Salon.com
Step 4. End the entry with a page number, URL, or DOI number
For print publications, list the page number (or page range) that contains the article. If you found the article online, type in the phrase "Retrieved from" and then copy and paste the URL or DOI number of the article. Place a period after the page number. Do not insert a period at the end of the URL or DOI.
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Example of a print article: Will, G. F. (2004, July 5). Waging war on Wal-Mart. Newsweek, 144, 64.
Example in Indonesian: Will, G. F. (2004, July 5). Waging war on Wal-Mart. Newsweek, 144, 64
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Example of an online article: Romm, J. (2008, February 27). The cold truth about climate change. Salon.com.https://www.salon.com/2008/02/27/global_warming_deniers/
Example in Indonesian: Romm, J. (2008, February 27). The cold truth about climate change. Salon.com
Reference Entry Format in APA Style
Last Name, Initial First Name. Middle Initials. (Year, Month Date). Article title in sentence case format. Publication Title, Page Number. Retrieved from URL
Format in Indonesian
Last Name, Initial First Name. Middle Initials. (Year, Month Date). Article title in sentence case format. Title of Publication, Page Number. Taken from URL
Step 5. Place the in-text citation in the author's name-year format in the text
In general, you should place an in-text citation at the end of each sentence that contains the information you are paraphrasing or quoting from the article. If you mention the author's name in the article, place a citation in the text with only the year information right after the author's name.
- For example, you might write: "Romm (2008) states that international reports actually underestimate the threat of climate change."
- If you don't mention the author's name in a sentence or text, use a quote in "standard" text at the end of the sentence, before the closing punctuation mark. For example, you might write: "People who argue against climate change misinterpret the scientific consensus as an unreasonable group decision (Romm, 2008).
Method 3 of 3: Using the Chicago Quote Style
Step 1. Begin the reference entry with the author's name
List the author's last name first, followed by a comma and one space. After that, type in the author's first and middle name or initials if available. Insert a period at the end of the name.
For example: Goldman, Jason G
Step 2. Enter the title of the article and enclose it in quotation marks
When typing a title, capitalize the first letter of the first word and all nouns, pronouns, verbs, and adverbs (title case format). Insert a period at the end of the title, before the closing quotation marks.
- For example: Goldman, Jason G. "Lizards Learn a Silly Walk after Losing Their Tail."
- If the article has a subtitle, type a colon and a space after the title, then enter the subtitle in the same format. Place a period at the end of the subtitle.
Step 3. Include the title of the publication and the date of publication
Type the title in italics, followed by a comma and a space. After that, enter the date of publication in month-date-year format. Insert a period at the end of the date.
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For example: Goldman, Jason G. "Lizards Learn a Silly Walk after Losing Their Tail." Scientific American, December 1, 2017.
Examples in Indonesian: Goldman, Jason G. "Lizards Learn a Silly Walk after Losing Their Tail." Scientific American, December 1, 2017
- For articles in scientific journals that have volume and issue numbers, place the date of publication in parentheses. Insert a colon after the stairs. For example: Bunce, Valerie. "Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience." World Politics 55, no. 2 (2003):
Step 4. End the entry with the page number/range or article URL
For printed articles, type the number or page range that contains the article, followed by a period. If you found the article from the internet, include the full direct URL or DOI number of the article, followed by a period.
- Example of a print article: Bunce, Valerie. "Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience." World Politics 55, no. 2 (2003): 167-192.
- Examples of online articles: Goldman, Jason G. "Lizards Learn a Silly Walk after Losing Their Tail." Scientific American, December 1, 2017.
Examples in Indonesian: Goldman, Jason G. "Lizards Learn a Silly Walk after Losing Their Tail." Scientific American, December 1, 2017
Reference Entry Format in Chicago Style
Last Name, First Name. "Article Title in Title Case Format." Title of Publication, Month Date, Year of Publication. URL
Step 5. Adjust the format for the footnote
Place a small number (superscript text) at the end of a sentence containing the information you paraphrased or quoted from the article. Relevant footnotes should include the same information as the information in the reference entry. However, you do not need to change the order of author names. Also, replace periods with commas to separate each element of the footnote entry.
- Example of a print article: Valerie Bunce, "Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience," World Politics 55, no. 2 (2003): 167-192.
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Example of an online article: Jason G. Goldman, "Lizards Learn a Silly Walk after Losing Their Tail," Scientific American, December 1, 2017, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lizards-learn-a-silly-walk -after-losing-their-tail/.
Example in Indonesian: Jason G. Goldman, "Lizards Learn a Silly Walk after Losing Their Tail," Scientific American, December 1, 2017, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/lizards-learn-a-silly- walk-after-losing-their-tail/
